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World History Connect Book Review
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We now know, in quite some detail, how the
Darwinian story of life’s ever increasing complexity played out
on Earth, the third planet orbiting an ordinary G2-type star,
one of hundreds of billions of stars in an only slightly larger
than average spiral galaxy, which in turn is only one of
hundreds of billions of galaxies in the visible universe, …a
fleck of gold on a grain of sand in a remote corner of a vast
cosmic beach.
Russell Genet |
Description and Acclaim
These essays take you from the struggles of
our hominid ancestors on the savannah's of Africa to a mountain
climber’s epiphany on the snowcapped heights of a stratovolcano
in Mexico, from the mysteries of the quantum world to the vast
reaches of the universe. Begin with a story of humanity’s
evolution from primeval stardust to planetary stardom. Then
explore the emergence of the story through scientific research
and wonder. View the multi-faceted epic through unexpected
lenses and follow it as it is engages education, becoming a
vital part of the enlightenment of young minds. Finally,
experience the evolutionary epic as it shifts our scientific and
cultural paradigms, serves our quest for a brighter future, and
enriches humanity’s imaginative and spiritual dimensions.
_______________________________________________________________________
This book captures the presentations made
at the Evolutionary Epic conference, along with a few guest
contributions. I came as an outsider to the theme of teaching
and exploring evolution as an epic story that includes the
history of the universe from the Big Bang. I was enthralled by
the lively mix of scientists, humanists, philosophers, and
artists, all contributing to the rich tapestry of ideas. As a
scientist, I had never attended a conference which merged
science: astronomy, geology, anthropology, and materials, with
the humanities and the arts: history, poetry, songs, and
paintings. Exploring the history of the universe, the place of
Earth and humans in it, and humanity’s multi-dimensional
responses, ultimately speaks to some of today’s biggest
problems, among them, sustainability and global climate change.
–Stephen L. Sass, Professor Emeritus, Materials
Science and Engineering
Stephen H. Weiss Presidential Fellow, Cornell University |
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CONTENTS
Foreword: Celebrating the Birth of a New Creation Story
- David Christian 11
Publisher’s Note: The Evolutionary Epic and a
Sustainable Future - Dwight Collins
15
Preface: Journey to the Evolutionary Epic - Cheryl Genet
17
Science’s Story of How We Came to Be
21
Humanity: The Chimpanzees Who Would Be Ants - Russell M. Genet 23
Part I The Epic Emerges Through Research and Wonder
37
1
Imagining a Day in the Lives of Our Evolutionary Ancestors - Kathy
Schick and Nicholas Toth 39
The "Little Bang":
The Origins and Adaptive Significance of Human Stone Toolmaking -
Kathy Schick and Nicholas Toth 43
2 Fire
and Civilization - Carlos A. Camargo
61
3
Toward an Information Morality: Imperatives Derived from a Statistical
Mechanics of Meaning - Robert Adámy Duisberg
71
4 An
Astronomer’s Faith Within an Evolutionary Cosmos - Christopher Corbally
79
Interlude: The Poetic Cosmos
87
love
letter to the milky way - Drew Dellinger
Part II The Epic Explored from Diverse Perspectives
89
5 The
Evolutionary Epic and the Chronometric Revolution - David Christian
91
6 To
Tell a Transformational Tale: The Evolutionary Epic as Narrative Genre -
Paul A. Harris 101
7 The
Epic of Cosmic Evolution - Nancy E. Abrams and Joel R. Primack
107
8
Bringing the Universe Story Home: Engaged Cosmology and the Role of the
Artist - Pauline Le Bel 119
9
Evolutionary Spirituality: The Soul of Evolution - Barbara Marx Hubbard
125
Part III The Epic Engages Education and Big History
133
10
Implications of the Evolutionary Epic for the Study of Human History -
John A. Mears 135
11 The
Convergence of Logic, Faith, and Values in the Modern Creation Story -
Craig G. R. Benjamin 147
12 Why Aren’t
More People Teaching Big History? - Cynthia Stokes Brown
153
13
Contemplatio ad Amorem Naturae: Contemplative Practice in Ecozoic
Education - Trileigh Tucker 159
14 Big
History as Global Systems History - Alan T. Wood
169
15 A
Consilient Curriculum - Loyal Rue and Ursula Goodenough
175
Part IV The Epic and Scientific and Cultural
Paradigms Shifts 183
16 Eastern
Sages and the Western Epic: Viewing Cosmos with Both Hemispheres of the
Global Brain - Sheri Ritchlin 185
17 Cultural
and Religious Evolution: A Case Study - Jane Bramadat
193
18 Empirical
Evidence for the Law of Information Growth in Evolution - Richard L.
Coren 201
19 The Future
Is and Is Not the Past: Heredity, Epigenetics, and the
Developmental Turn - Gregory Mengel
213
20 Digital
Teleologies, Imperial Threshold Machinic Assemblages, and the
Colonization of the Cosmos: A Poststructuralist
Interpretation of 2001: A Space Odyssey - Fernando Castrillon
221
21 Beyond
Machines: Metaphor in Biology - John Wilkinson
229
22 Quantum
Psychology: Bridging Science and Spirit - Gary Moring
237
23 Touch: An
Evolutionary Key to Healthy Living - Katie Carrin
243
Part V The Epic Guides Our Path to the Future
251
24 Future
Primal: A Politics for Evolving Humanity - Louis Herman
253
25
Transcending Cultural Indoctrination: Separating the Wheat from the
Chaff - Jack A. Palmer and Linda K. Palmer
265
26 Cosmology
and Environmentalism: Five Suggestions for Ecological Storytellers -
Brian Swimme 273
27 Islands of
Sustainability - Mark Jason Gilbert, Art Whatley, Phylliss Frus, Jon
Davidann, Leilani Madison, & Stephen Allen
279
28 Listening
to the Voice of the Earth: A Catholic Perspective - Linda Jaye Gibler
291
Interlude: The Poetic Cosmos
297
hymn to the
sacred body of the universe
Drew Dellinger
Part VI The Epic Enriches Our Imaginative and
Spiritual Dimensions 301
29 Alchemical
Ritual Evocation of the Epic of the Universe as Ancestral Heritage -
Jeff Jenkins 303
30 Already
Living: An Artist’s Perspective on the Evolution of the Human - Winslow
Myers 311
31
Imagination and the Epic of Evolution - Josefina Burgos
321
32 Our Cosmic
Context - Todd Duncan 329
33
Theological Problems and Promises of an Evolutionary Paradigm - Peter
Hess 335
Index 347
About The Humanity Conference and Book Series
365
For the Conference Participants
367
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CONTRIBUTORS
Nancy Ellen Abrams – Attorney at Law,
lecturer, University of California, Santa Cruz; co-author (with
Joel R. Primack) of The View from the Center of the Universe.
(p. 107)
Stephen Allen, Ph.D., LEED AP – Associate
Professor of Chemistry, Environmental Science Program, College
of Natural Sciences, Hawai`i Pacific University. (p. 279)
Craig Benjamin, Ph.D. – Associate Professor
of History, Grand Valley State University. (p. 147)
Jane Bramadat, M.A. – (Religious Studies),
MEd (Counselling); Ordained Unitarian Universalist Parish
Minister, First Unitarian Church of Victoria, BC, Canada.
(p.193)
Cynthia S. Brown, Ph.D. – Professor Emerita
of Education and History, Dominican University of California;
author of Big History: From the Big Bang to the Present.
(p. 153)
Josefina Burgos, M.A., Ph.D. candidate –
(Philosophy and Religion) at the California Institute of
Integral Studies, San Francisco. (p. 321)
Carlos A. Camargo, M.D. – Emeritus Clinical
Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine.
(p. 61)
Katie Carrin, C.M.T. – Instructor,
Acupressure Institute, Berkeley and The Healing Arts Institute,
Sacramento; self-published author. (p. 243.)
Fernando Castrillon, Psy.D. – Clinical
Psychologist, Instituto Familiar de la Raza (IFR)-San Francisco;
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Interdisciplinary Studies
Department, Community Mental Health Masters Program at the
California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS). (p. 221)
David Christian, Ph.D. – Professor of
History, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Until Dec
2008, Professor of History at San Diego State University).
(pp.11 & 91)
Dwight Collins, Ph.D. – President, Collins
Family Foundation; founding faculty member and lecturer,
Sustainable Operations Management, Presidio School of
Management, San Francisco. (p. 15)
Christopher Corbally, S.J. – Vice Director,
Vatican Observatory; Adjunct Associate Astronomer, University of
Arizona. (p. 79)
Richard L. Coren, Ph.D. – Emeritus Professor
of Electrical Engineering, Drexel University. (p. 201)
Jon Davidann, Ph.D. – Professor of History,
Director, International Exchange and Study Abroad Program,
Hawaii Pacific University. (p. 279)
Drew Dellinger, M.A. – Founder of Poets for
Global Justice; author of love letter to the milky way: a
book of poems. (pp. 87 & 297)
Rob Duisberg, Ph.D., D.M.A. – Lecturer,
E-Commerce & Information Systems, Albers School of Business and
Economics, Seattle University. (p. 71)
Todd Duncan, Ph.D. – Director of the Science
Integration Institute; Adjunct faculty, Portland State
University Center for Science Education and Pacific University
Physics Department. (p.329)
Phyllis Frus, Ph.D. – Associate Professor of
English, Hawai’i Pacific University. (p. 279)
Cheryl Genet, Ph.D. – Adjunct Professor of
Philosophy, Cuesta College; Managing Editor of the Collins
Foundation Press; Director of the Orion Institute. (pp.17, 21,
37, 89, 133, 183, 251, 301)
Russell Genet, Ph.D. – Research Scholar in
Residence, California Polytechnic State University; Adjunct
Professor of Astronomy, Cuesta College; Director, Orion
Observatory. (p. 23)
Linda Gibler, OP, Ph.D. – Dominican Sister
of Houston; Doctor of Ministry Program Director and Associate
Academic Dean, Oblate School of Theology; Adjunct Professor,
Loyola Institute of Ministry. (p. 291)
Marc Jason Gilbert, Ph.D. – National
Endowment for the Humanities’ Endowed Chair in World History and
the Humanities, Hawaii Pacific University. (p. 279)
Ursula Goodenough, Ph.D. – Professor of
Biology, Washington University, St. Louis; author of The
Sacred Depths of Nature. (p.175)
Paul A. Harris, Ph.D. – Professor of
English, Loyola Marymount University; President, International
Society for the Study of Time. (p. 101)
Louis G. Herman, Ph.D. - Philosopher;
Professor of Political Science, University of Hawaii West Oahu.
(p. 253)
Peter M. J. Hess, Ph.D. – Faith Project
Director, National Center for Science Education; Professor in
Graduate Liberal Studies, Saint Mary’s College, Moraga,
California; Fellow, International Society for Science and
Religion. (p. 335)
Barbara Marx Hubbard – Co-founder of The
Foundation for Conscious Evolution and Conscious Evolution Chair
at Wisdom University. (p.125)
Jeff Jenkins – California Institute for
Integral Studies. (p. 303)
Pauline Le Bel – Playwright, novelist,
singer; Executive Director of Voices in the Sound. (p.
119)
Elaine Leilani Madison, Ph.D. – Associate
Professor of English, Hawaii Pacific University. (p. 279)
John A. Mears, Ph.D. – University of
Chicago; Associate Professor of History, Southern Methodist
University; Past President, World History Association. (p.135)
Gregory Mengel, M.A. – California Institute
of Integral Studies. (p.213)
Gary Moring, M.A., Ph.D. candidate –
California Institute of Integral Studies; 1984-2004 Professor of
Philosophy and Comparative Religion, University of Phoenix;
author. (p. 237)
Winslow Myers, M.F.A. – Artist and retired
teacher. (p. 311)
Jack A. Palmer, Ph.D. – Director of Graduate
Studies, Professor of Psychology, College of Education and Human
Development, University of Louisiana at Monroe. (p. 265)
Linda K. Palmer, M.S. – Researcher, writer;
editor: Edition Naam Publishing, Collins Foundation Press, Jiva
Institute, India. (p. 265)
Joel R. Primack, Ph.D. – Distinguished
Professor of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz;
co-author (with Nancy Ellen Abrams) of The View from the
Center of the Universe. (p. 107)
Sheri Ritchlin, Ph.D. – Free-lance writer,
editor and lecturer. (p. 185)
Loyal Rue, Ph.D. – Professor of Philosophy
and Professor of Religion, Luther College. (p.175)
Kathy Schick, Ph.D. – Professor,
Anthropology Department and Cognitive Science Program, Indiana
University; Co-Director, CRAFT Research Center, Indiana
University; Co-Director, Stone Age Institute; co-editor, Stone
Age Institute Publication Series. (pp. 39, 43)
Brian Swimme, Ph.D. – Professor in the
Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness Program at the
California Institute of Integral Studies. (p.273)
Nicholas Toth, Ph.D. – Professor,
Anthropology Department and Cognitive Science Program, Indiana
University; Co-Director, CRAFT Research Center, Indiana
University; Co-Director, Stone Age Institute; co-editor, Stone
Age Institute Publication Series. (pp. 39, 43)
Trileigh Tucker, Ph.D. – Associate Professor
of Environmental Studies, Seattle University. (p. 159)
Art Whatley, Ph.D. – Professor and Program
Chair, MA/Global Leadership and Sustainable Development, College
of Professional Studies, Hawaii Pacific University (p. 279)
John Wilkinson, Ph.D. – Liberal Studies
Instructor, Art Institute of California, San Francisco. (p. 229)
Alan T. Wood, Ph.D. – Professor of History,
University of Washington, Bothell. (p. 169)
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Foreword
Celebrating the Birth of a New Creation Story
The conference from which most of the papers
in this volume are drawn met at the Makaha Resort in Hawaii on
January 3 – 8, 2008. It was organized by Cheryl and Russ Genet.
The conference was about a story, and it was the power, the
beauty, and the importance of that story that drew the
participants together. The story has many different names;
Evolutionary Epic is just one. It has also been called a Modern
Creation Myth, The Universe Story, Big History. Whatever the
name, the core idea is the same: there is emerging today a
coherent story, based on modern, scientific information that
tells the history of our universe, from its very beginnings to
today. That story can help each one of us understand our place
in a larger universe. The evolutionary epic links modern
accounts of the origins of the universe, the Earth, life, and
human societies into a single story about origins, so it can
play in modern society a role similar to that of traditional
creation stories in all earlier societies.
Creation stories are immensely important. They
provide large maps of reality, and by tracing the origins and
evolution of our world, they explain how things came to be as
they are. Maps tell us where we are and, in some sense, who and
what we are. The largest maps, those attempted in creation
stories, are as fundamental to our sense of history as maps of
the world are to our sense of geography. Like a world map, the
evolutionary epic provides a frame within which we can better
understand the smaller maps with which we navigate our way
through life. The evolutionary epic is important because it is
the largest possible map of time.
A conference like this would not have been
necessary if the evolutionary epic had been widely known. The
strange thing (strange, at least, to those at this conference)
is that the evolutionary epic is not taught in every school in
every country in the world! Instead, schoolchildren throughout
the world are presented either with bits of the story (the
history of my country, for example, or a bit of geography or
geology or astronomy) with little attempt to describe the larger
story that threads these smaller stories together. Or they are
taught creation myths that worked well for hundreds, sometimes
thousands of years, but don’t work so well today because we have
so much more information, and much of that information
contradicts what is said in traditional creation stories. The
Earth was not created 6,000 years ago, or just a few generations
ago. Nor was it created countless billions of years ago. We now
know when it was created: about 4.5 billion Earth years ago. The
evolutionary epic builds on a vast amount of new knowledge
generated in recent centuries (much of it in recent decades)
through careful and rigorous scientific research conducted
throughout the world in many different disciplines, from nuclear
physics to cosmology, to biology, to human history.
The fact that so much of the definitive
information needed to construct the evolutionary epic has been
gathered very recently suggests one reason why the evolutionary
epic is not widely taught today (yet!). A modern scientific
account of the origins of the universe became available only in
the twentieth century, and only in the last decade or two could
it be based on a solid foundation of empirical observation, much
of it from new, space-based satellites. The modern study of
genetics became possible only after the discovery of the crucial
role of DNA in heredity by Crick and Watson in 1953; now,
genetic knowledge is helping transform our understanding of the
origins and early history of our own species,
Homo sapiens.
A modern understanding of the evolution of our Earth became
possible only after the clinching of the theory of "plate
tectonics" in the 1960s.
Above all, we can now date the whole of the past.
Before the appearance in the 1950s of new methods of dating,
most of them based on measuring the regular breakdown of
radioactive materials, it was impossible to assign reliable
dates to any parts of the story before the appearance of the
first written documents a few thousand years ago. In the last
few decades, our timelines have expanded from just a few
thousand years to almost 14 billion years, reaching back past
the civilizations of Sumer, to the evolution of our human
ancestors several million years ago, to the appearance of the
first multi-celled organisms almost 1,000 million years ago, to
the formation of our Earth itself, some 4,500 million years ago
and finally to the origins of our universe, about 13,700 million
years ago.
These recent changes explain the sense of
excitement shared by all of us who have been involved in the
attempt to construct the evolutionary epic and to make it more
widely accessible to others. How can it best be told? How can we
link the science with the spirit? How can the story be acted
out, re-told and taught so that its power is palpable? What
meaning does the story contain for humans today? How can we link
the science that underpins so much in our society with our
personal experience of life as felt and experienced?
For me, one of the revelations of the conference
was that there are so many questions to be asked about the
evolutionary epic, and even more answers. Like all creation
stories, the evolutionary epic contains within itself great
diversity and can be received and appreciated and taught in many
different ways, a bit like a complex crystal being slowly turned
and turned and turned in front of many people, each of whom will
see in it slightly different things. That diversity is reflected
in the diversity of approaches, styles, questions, and struggles
in the essays collected here. Don’t be surprised if you find
dissenting positions here, or essays that seem to contradict
other essays, or essays that raise unexpected questions or
approach the evolutionary epic from unexpected angles. The
evolutionary epic, we found, is capacious enough to absorb such
differences with ease.
You will find essays on the construction of the
evolutionary epic, on philosophical and spiritual ways into it,
on scientific approaches to its various components, on what it
might mean in different contexts and to different people, on the
challenge of bringing out the story’s beauty and the challenge
of teaching the epic, on ways of rendering it in poetry, in
images and in theatre, and on its implications for the future of
our species and our biosphere. This is not a monolithic story
even though, like all great creation stories, it has a narrative
core that can be recognized in all versions.
Another revelation was the repeated reminder both
of the smallness and insignificance of our species, and of our
centrality to the evolutionary epic. We are, after all, the only
creatures of which we know that can begin to grasp the story of
the universe and infuse it with meaning and feeling. In his
paper, Winslow Myers offers a powerful image of this
relationship in a wonderful Vermeer painting that depicts a
figure (perhaps the pioneering biologist Anthony van
Leeuwenhoek) leaning forward and touching a celestial globe.
For me, Vermeer’s painting inverts
Michelangelo’s image of God touching the finger of Adam. However
cool-headed we may remain as we try to piece together the
scientific evidence for the evolutionary epic, it is hard to
resist a sense of awe as we realize that we, in our tiny corner
of the universe, represent the universe becoming aware of
itself.
I hope these essays can convey something of
the majesty, beauty, and power of the evolutionary epic, and
also something of its diversity and capaciousness. Finally, I
want to offer my personal thanks to Russell and Cheryl Genet for
bringing together this diverse assembly of people to celebrate
the birth of a new creation story.
David Christian
Professor of History
Author of
Maps of Time |
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